Carbureter.



R. IVI. LOVEIOY.

CARBURETER. APPLICATION FILED OCT. 22, 1914.

1 ,277,963 Patented Sept 3, i918.-

Wnesses. lnve'tr.

/M/k Ralph M. Lovejoy,

I AUYS -carbuieters of the. type which is especially 'RALPH ivi.Loyiiiov, :or MEREDITH, iviivvl HAMPSHIRE.

CARBURETER;

temete.

To ,all whom t may concern.'

Beitknown that I,'f`RALPH M. LovEJoY, a citizen of the United States,and resident of Meredith,- county of Belknap, State of New fHampshire,have` invented an Improvement in-'Carburetei-S, of :whichthe followingde# 'scription, in connection-with the accompanying drawing, is aspecification, like charac-v ters o'nthe drawing representing likeparts.

- Thisfinvention relates to improvements in adapted vto internalcombustion engines. One ot the obyectsfof the invention is to providemeans for' speedily /and certainly vai poriZi-ng'the combustible fluidwhich is supplied to the carbureter so kas to provide a suitableexplosive mixture of the highest efcienc v,'and to prevent the`introduction into the cylinder of any of the-combustible lluid. yAnother object of theA invention is to provide means for automaticallyregulating the amountot fluid 'suppliedin proportion to the fairintroduced into the cylinder whereby aperfcctmixture may be obtained.

Another object-:of the invention'is to provide algravity vieeed-forthecombustible Huid whiclifmay be controlled by the intake of the air. 1 yl .'-Anothei-:object of the invention is to provide lmeansfor openingand closing the throttle which governs the air intake in such afmann'erthat greater leverage may be applied to vthe throttle at the initialopening of the :same than is thereafter applied during the regulation ofsaid throttle.

:Otherobjects offtheA inventionwill more fully vappear from' thefollowing description readfini: connection with the accompanyingdrawing""which will villustrate one of the means in which the invention.may be embodiedand will-be pointed out in the annexed-"claimsl YIr'Th'edrawing represents avertical longitu'dinalfsectional view of oneof the preferred'forms of apparatus lfor embodying *The apparatus 'asillustrated in the drawing comprises amain casting 1 which may beprovided?Withfsuitable mea-iisV for supporting'tl'iesaine` and se'curingitin proper rela'- tion tof'the engine, the casting 1 being providedVwith an internall bore Q-forming an air vCond-uitV leading to the mixingchai'nber- 3 which may be Vconnected in. the usual mannerf withftliecylinders of an vinternal com-A bustion engine. The casting 1 may bepro- Specication of Letters Patent.' Pgttntd Sgpt 39 1918. Appiieationsied october 22,1914. serial-NQ.. sesfi'i'z.

vided at its upper portionwith a longitudi nallyV extending boss 4provided with a feeding duct wterminating yin an annular well v6surrounding the opening v7 leading from the main conduit 2 tothecarbureting chamber'3. The carhureting chamber may conveniently beformed of a tubular casing4 8 having a' tapered inwardly extendingannu-v lar w'all 9 at its lower end adapted to registerv with and toapp-roach closely to the opening 7 leading from the main conduit to thei,

carbureting chamber So yas to provide'a narrow, extended, preferablyannular aperture adapted to feed a. thin film of the' combustible liquidinto the path of the incoming current of air inthe manner which willmore fully be described. l i

The opening 7 is provided with a throttle l0 preferably in ,the form oftwo oppositely Aarranged ,and desirably 4integral conoidal membershaving guiding stems, the upper. Stem being journaled in a suitablebearing 12 in a vspider' 13 carried by thecasing 8 of the air chamber,the lower stem 14 'passing through a boss 15 extending upwardly from.

the lower portion of the casing. The throttle 10 is normally maintainedin closed posi'f. tion by a spring 16 surrounding 'the stem 14 and theboss 15 'and pressing at itsends respectively upon the casing and thelower end of the throttle 10. y

`The double conoidal form of thel throttle is adapted to deiect theinrushing current of air in such a manner as to difusethe same.

in the carbureting chamber and thereby to cause athorough carbureting ofthe combustible fluid so that vthe heavieroils such as kerosene and thelike maybe utilized. i

Suitable means may be employed for ,reguf lating the position of thethrottle as will be hereinafter more fully described.

' In most of the carbureters now employedy tion is to'provide for apurely gravity feed" of the combustible liquid in which the'fflow is notabnormally increased by thesuc'tifon induced byftheair entering thecarbureting chamber, andy this apparatus is so designed that thecombustible l'luid will at all "times be under the influence of acertain predetermined head and none other. In order to effect thispurpose I providel an opening which may be in the forni of a conduit 17leading from the atmospherel to the Huid conduitor well G, this openingproviding notonly means lor preventing suction upon the reservoirthrough the conductor o but also permitting an intake of air to themixing chamber in conjunction with the supply of iuid,A therebyfacilitating t-he feeding of the fluid and aiding in its vaporization.

The reservoir for the combustible AHuid is preferably in the forni of atank 18 which may be supplied through the pipe 1U from lthe ueualreservoir, the supply of luid being controlled by a valveQO seated inthe lower end ot the inlet 19 and governed by a float '21 which nia-y beconveniently mounted upon the valve stem of said valve, the lower end otsaid valve stem being guided in a suitable bearing in a boss 23depending from the bottoni of the reservoir 18.

The supply of oil to the conductor 5 may be regulated by a valve 24having a tapered end adapted to seat. upon a corresponding tapered valveseat in the upper end ot the conductor 5, the said lower end beinginclosed in an enlarged end QG leading .from the reservoir 1S.

The valve 24 is desirably provided with an enlarged stem Q7 journaled ina suitable bearing in the side wall 4ot the reservoir 18 and the lowerend of the 'alve is of a preferably tapered or conical forni 28 adaptedto coperate with the entrance 29 into the chamber 26 and thereby toregulate the amount of fluid delivered from the reservoir 18 to theconductor 5 when t-he valve is raised so that its end 25 is removed fromits seat at the upper end ot' said conduit. The upper end of the valvestem 27 is desirably provided with an extension 80 having` adjust ablecheck nuts 31, 32 arranged upon opposite sides of a lever 33 which isattached through a link to the stem 35 of a plunger 36 which is normallypressed downwardly to close the valve by a spring 37. The plunger 36 maydesirably be disposed within a easing 38 within the reservoir 18 andhaving an opening 39 leading to said reservoir whereby the plunger 3Gwithin the casing 38 ,is in elfect a dash-pot adapted to prevent the'hammering ot the valve.

The lever at its opposite end elO may bear upon the underside of the nuta1 upon the Stem 42 of a valve 43 which .tits closely the cylindricalinlet let of the conduit The valve stein #l2 may be mounted at its lowerend in a boss 45 in the lower wall ot said conduit and at its upper endin a boss 16 carried by a preferably arched spider 17 which may besecured by bolts or screws 4S and suitable laterally extending flangeL19 at the intake end of' the conduit 4.

Bv the construction above described the suction through the mixingchamber 3 Larnaca caused by the action of the engine cylinders willinduce a current of air through the conduit 2 which by reason of theforni oi the throttle valve. 10, which closely tits the open ing 7, willbe in the forni of a thin, preferably annular blast of air which willrush at a high velocity through the narrow opening between the wallofthe aperture 'i' and the edge of the throttle at t-he point at whichthe combustible fluid is Supplied, thus Gaus! ing the fluid to berapidly and completely vaporized. The partial vacuum thus created in.the conduit will draw down the valve 43 beyond the end ot thecylindrical portion l into the conical portion 44C of the inlet openingand permit a greater supply of air in proportion to the amount of airrequired by the engine.

The depression et the valve 43 will force down the end l() of the lever33 thereby raising its opposite end and thereby lifting the valve 2lfrom its seat and permitting the comlnistible liuid to flow through theconductor 5 to the well (l. or' the carbureter. By reason ot' theconical portion 28 of the valve 2l and its` relation to the opening 29'into the chamber '26 which leads to the conduit the amount ofcombustible fiuid supplied will be regulated in proportion to the amountof air which passes through the conduit. '2.

Upon the shutting down of the engine the suction through the mixingchamber 3 will cease and the valve #il will be returned to its initialposition as illustrated in the drawing through the influence of thespring 37, simultaneously therewith the spring 3T will seat the end oit'the valve 24 upon its seat at the upper end of the conductor closingoli' the supply of combustible fluid to the well G. l

The diameter of the throttle preferably is slightly less than thediameter of the opening 7 leading from the conduit 2 to the carlniretingchamber so that the engine may be supplied with a sufficient amount ofair to run idly at a slow speed7 the area of this opening being variedwhen the engine is working in the manner heretofore described.

It is desirable when starting that a greater leverage. be provided foropening the throttle than during the subsequent regulation thereof andin order to provide for this contingency l have provided a series oflevers' which will give an increased leverage at the opening of thethrottle and a gradually decreasing leverage thereafter.

As illustrated herein the lever which is connected to the stem 14 of thethrottle is in the form ot a bell crank 50 journaled upon a suitablebracket 51 depending from the casing, one arm of said lever engaging a.suitable head 52 upon the end of the throttle stem 14 and the other armof the position of the throttle may be accurately.

lever being provided with a relatively long substantially straightbearing portion 53 adapted to be engaged by the arc shaped end 54 of alever 55 .journaled in suitable brackets 56 extending from the side ofthe casing, the upper end of the lever 55 being connected by a rod 57 toa suitable hand lever under the control of the. operator, such forexample as a lever upon the steering wheel of an automobile.

In order that the uppermost or closed determined the bracket 51- isdesirably provided with an extension 58 forming a bearing for a setscrew59 which may be adjusted to engage the bell crank lever and determineits normal position.

By the construction above described it will be obvious that the initialmovement of the lever 55 will cause the opening of the valve under theinfluence of the longer leve-rage thereby causing the valve to open withrelative ease and when opened the subsequent movement of the valve willbe controlled through the rocking connection between the parts 53 and 54in such a man7- ner that the throttle may be accurately adjusted.

It is to be understood that the embodiment of the invention disclosedherein is illustrative merely and that the inventiony may be embodied inother formswithin the scope of my invention as set forth in thefollowing claims.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is: f

1. In a carbureter comprising a carbureting chamber and a fuelreservoir, means for supplying a restricted current of air to saidcarbureting chamber, means for delivering atl atmospheric pressure athin film of liquid fuel from said reservoir into the path of saidcurrent of air whereby said liquid fuel will be rapidly vaporized andmixed with said air in the carbureting chamber.

'2. In a `carbureter comprising a carbureting chamber having an inlet, athrottle in said inlet adapted to restrict the area thereof to a narrowaperture, means for supplying a current of air at high velocity throughsaid aperture, a fuelreservoir'and means for delivering by the action ofgravity and at atmospheric pressure a thin film of liquid fuel into thepath of the curvoir located at a higher level than said in let, aconduit leading from said reservoir to said inlet and having means fordelivering a thin film ofliquid fuel in the path of the current of airatsaid inlet and a vent leading from said c onduit to the -atmosphere.

4:. In a carbureter, a carbureting chamber having an inlet, a throttlein said inlet adapted to restrict the area thereof to a narrow aperture,means for inducing a current of air at a high velocity through saidinlet, means for delivering a thin annular lilm of combustible -fluid inthe path of the restrict the area thereof to a narrow ex-V tendedaperture, means for inducing a current of air at a high velocity throughsaid inlet, lne-ans for delivering a thin annular film of combustiblefluid in the path of the air at said inlet, means for regulating saidthrottle to vary the amount of air supplied to said carbureting chamber,means independent of said .throttle operable by the variation of the airsupplied to correspondingly vary the amount of fluid deliveredcomprising a valve in the intake end of said conduit and means operatedthereby to control the fluid delivery.

G. In a carbureter, a carbureting chamber having an inlet, an airconduit leading thereto, a throttle in said inlet adapted to restrictthe area thereof to a narrow eX- tended aperture, means for inducing acurrent of air at a high vvelocity through said inlet, means fordelivering a thin annular air at said inlet, means for regulating saidthrottle to vary the amount of air supplied to said carbureting chamber,means independent of said throttle operable by the variation of the airsupplied to correspondingly vary the amount of fluid deliveredcomprising a valve in the intake end of said conduit and a valve in thefluid supply pipe operable thereby to regulate the delivery of thefluid. j

7. In a carbureter, a carbureting chamber having an inlet, an airconduit leading thereto, a throttle in said inlet adapted to restrictthe area thereof to a narrow aperture,

film of combustible fluid in the path of the 4.

means for inducing a current of air at a high velocity through saidinlet, means for delivering a thin annular film of combustible fluid inthe path of the air atV said inlet, means for regulating said throttleto vary the amount of air supplied to said carbureting chamber, meansoperable by the variation ofthe air supplied to correspondingly vary theamount of fluid delivered comprising a valve in the intake end of saidconduit, a valve in the fluid supply pipe oper.

able thereby to regulate the delivery of the fluid, and spring actuatedmeans for closing the fluid regulating valve upon the shutting off ofthe air supply. p

8. In a carbureter, a carbureting chamber having an inlet, an airconduit leading thereto, a throttle in said inlet adapted to restrictthe area thereof to a narrow aperture, means for inducing a current ofair at a high velocity through said inlet, a reservoir, means fordelivering a thin annular film of combustible fluid from said reservoirinto the path of the air at said inlet, means for regulating saidthrottle to vary the amount of air supplied to said carbureting chamber,means operable by the variation of the air supplied to correspondinglyvary the amount of fluid delivered comprising a valve in the inletconduit., a valve in the fluid supply pipe operable thereby to regulatethe delivery of the fluid and a. springwactuated plunger in saidreservoir acting as a dash-pot to close said fluid regulating valve uponthe shutting off of the air supply.

9. 1n a. carbureter, a earbureting chamber having an inlet, a throttlein saidA inlet Larmes adapted to restrict the area thereof to a narrowaperture, means for inducing a current of air at a high velocity throughsaid inlet, means for delivering a thin film of combustible fluid in thepath of the air at said inlet, means for regulating said throttle tovary the amount of air supplied comprising a series of levers arrangedto provide greater leverage for the initial movement of the valve thanfor subsequent movement thereof.

10. A carbureter comprising a earbureting chamber having a restrictedair inlet, means for delivering a combustible fluid thereto, a throttleadapted to vary the area of said air inlet, means for actuating saidthrottle including a bell crank lever connected to said. throttle and acooperating actuating lever having rocking engagement With said throttlelever arranged to produce a progressively decreasing leverage thereuponas the throttle is opened and means for operating said actuating lever.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, inthe presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

RALPH M. LOVEJOY.

Witnesses:

FREDERICK A. TENNANT, THOMAS J. DRUMMOND.

